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KMID : 1156220230490020057
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Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
2023 Volume.49 No. 2 p.57 ~ p.65
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Review on the Association between Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency-Magnetic Fields (ELF-MF) and Childhood Leukemia
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Park Dong-Uk
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Abstract
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Background: The association between exposure to extremely low frequency-magnetic fields (ELF-MF) and childhood leukemia has been controversial. There is a need to clarify this relationship by summarizing key conclusions from systematic review articles.
Objectives: The major aim of this study is to summarize key conclusions from systematic review articles on the association between exposure to ELF-MF and childhood leukemia based on childhood exposure to ELF- MF, proximity from childhood household to high voltage cables, and parental occupational exposure to ELF- M F.
Methods: This study was conducted through a brief literature review focusing on systematic, meta-analysis, and pooled analysis methods. We conducted a literature search in PubMed using the key words “ELF-MF” and “childhood leukemia” singly or combined.
Results: In 2002, the World Health Organization (WHO)’s International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) reviewed two manuscripts to conduct pooled analysis and concluded that there is a significant association between exposure to >0.3 μT or 0.4 μT and childhood leukemia. We found a total of four manuscripts for systematic or pool analysis that have been published since the IARC’s conclusion. They consistently concluded that there was a significant association between exposure to >0.4 μT and childhood leukemia compared to ELF-MF exposure to below 0.1 μT. The proximity of children’s households to high voltage cable lines and occupational exposure by their parents to ELF-MF during certain periods prior to or during pregnancy were inconsistently associated with childhood leukemia. The study found that many EU countries have implemented precautionary policies to prevent potential childhood leukemia due to exposure to ELF-M F.
Conclusions: This study recommends implementing a precautionary policy that includes legal exposure limits for ELF-MF to minimize exposure to ELF-MF.
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KEYWORD
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Extremely low frequency-magnetic fields (ELF-MF), electromagnetic fields (EMF), childhood leukemia, precautionary policy
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